How Japan has changed in the last 20 years

Noah Smith · Noahpinion · April 01, 2026 at 10:29 · ⏱ 8 min read  | Read on Substack ↗
Summary
Noah Smith argues that Japan has become a more 'normal' country over the last 20 years, losing its quirky youth-driven culture and feeling poorer despite being slightly richer, due to aging demographics, a weak yen, and infrastructure depreciation. The article is a cultural-sociological reflection with no direct market or trade implications.
  • Japan's median age rose from ~42 in the mid-2000s to almost 50 now, with the working-age-to-elderly ratio falling from >3:1 to <2:1.
  • The yen weakened from ~100-120 per dollar 20 years ago to 160 per dollar now, making locals feel poorer relative to foreign tourists.
  • Younger Japanese are less visible in public spaces; the generation in their 20s is only about 60% as large as the generation now in their early 50s.
  • The 'parasite singles' phenomenon of young adults living with parents and enjoying high disposable income has faded as parental wealth is depleted.
  • Japan's built environment looks more weathered due to the end of a construction boom, even though functionality remains high.
  • Youth culture motifs (anime, fashion, cheap trendy eateries) are declining in urban spaces, replaced by luxury brands and nice restaurants catering to older consumers.
Read time 8 min
Length 8,450 chars
Category macro
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