Edward states that payment networks are "perfectly positioned" because they are a "network of networks that create interoperability." He notes that Visa/Mastercard executives view stablecoins not as a defensive threat, but as a "good offensive mechanism" to enable global waiver programs and innovation. The market discounts legacy payment processors fearing they will be disintermediated by blockchain. Edward argues the opposite: Stablecoins suffer from fragmentation (different chains, wrapped tokens). Visa and Mastercard will capture value by becoming the translation layer that connects these fragmented stablecoins to merchants, effectively co-opting the technology to drive volume. LONG. These are the ultimate "picks and shovels" for stablecoin adoption without the regulatory risk of issuers. Regulatory caps on interchange fees or successful "closed loop" stablecoin networks that bypass card rails entirely.