"I've been buying the exchange stocks, you know, such as the exchanges that own the New York Stock Exchange... think about it as owning the roads and the toll booths, rather than owning the cars." Retail investors constantly try to pick winning stocks or cryptocurrencies, which is highly risky. Financial exchanges operate the underlying infrastructure of the market. They generate revenue from trading volume, data services, and transaction fees regardless of whether the broader market is going up or down. Long financial exchange operators to profit from overall market participation and volatility without taking single-asset directional risk. Prolonged bear markets or low-volatility environments can lead to decreased trading volumes, which compresses exchange revenues.