PONDÉ EXPLICA: POR QUE EXISTEM GUERRAS?

Luiz Felipe Pondé discusses Einstein's 1932 question to Freud about why war exists. He explains Freud's view that aggressive prehistoric instincts persist beneath a fragile civilizational layer. The conversation covers post-World War II proxy wars, the post-Cold War illusion that major wars were over, and recent conflicts such as Russia-Ukraine and Iran-US tensions as reminders that geopolitical risk remains. - Einstein's 1932 letter asked Freud why war exists. - Freud answered that aggressive prehistoric instincts persist and that civilization is a fragile layer. - The post-World War II period saw the Cold War and proxy wars rather than an absence of war. - After the fall of the Berlin Wall, many believed large-scale wars were over, but regional conflicts continued. - Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine was a wake-up call for Europe about returning war risk. - Iran-US tensions remain another live geopolitical flashpoint.