Japanese automakers can remain competitive by leveraging high technical capability, implementation capability, and high-quality manufacturing to control key choke points and execute region-specific strategies rather than chasing volume; the US is increasingly favoring Japanese hybrids and India and China still offer large opportunities.
Hydrogen holds immense potential and Japan possesses the full ecosystem technology including fuel cell stacks, transportation, and water electrolysis that can be packaged into a solution-provider role, making hydrogen a usable energy source across countries and into e-fuels.