The AI Optics Trade: Shortage Today, Oversupply Tomorrow?

Gaetano · Gaetano · July 06, 2026 at 20:42 · ⏱ 29 min read  | Read on Substack ↗
Summary
The optics supply chain is currently severely constrained across multiple layers (InP substrates, lasers, modules, systems), but the massive capacity response being built now creates real oversupply risk in 2027-2028. The author remains long but stresses that the market will price future oversupply before operating data confirms it, making differentiation by layer and product critical: premium components with high qualification barriers will stay tight longer, while standardized module assembly faces earlier margin pressure.
  • Lumentum reports lasers 'effectively sold out' with Japan wafer-fab fully allocated; narrow-linewidth laser shipments grew 120% YoY and 200G EML revenue more than doubled sequentially.
  • Coherent is doubling internal InP output by end of 2026 and more than doubling again by end of 2027, while its six-inch InP platform is already yielding better than three-inch.
  • AAOI targets a nearly tenfold step-up in monthly 800G/1.6T module units by end of 2027, yet says demand still exceeds its capacity through mid-2027.
  • AXT has record InP backlog above $100 million and is targeting quarterly output of $35M, then $65-70M, but export permits gate shipments outside China.
  • Semtech's HiFio acquisition shows demand exceeding supply by ~3x for InP gain chips; plans to triple capacity this year and again next year just to catch up.
  • TrendForce expects combined monthly EML and CW-DFB laser capacity to double to ~50.7 million units in 2026, but incumbents (Broadcom, Lumentum, Sumitomo) hold 55% share with high technical barriers.
  • Veeco received over $250 million of orders for InP laser manufacturing tools; AIXTRON said optoelectronics represented ~70% of Q1 2026 order intake of €171.4 million.
  • Ciena's backlog reached $7.7 billion after growing $600M sequentially; management says supply still lags demand. Fabrinet confirms datacom revenue would have been higher without shortages in lasers, memory, and ASICs.
Read time 29 min
Length 29,486 chars
Category finance
Ideas
Gaetano Substack author, Gaetano
Lumentum's component-layer products (EMLs, pump lasers, narrow-linewidth assemblies, UHP for CPO) remain sold out with multi-year backlogs. High qualification barriers mean new capacity takes longer t
Lumentum's component-layer products (EMLs, pump lasers, narrow-linewidth assemblies, UHP for CPO) remain sold out with multi-year backlogs. High qualification barriers mean new capacity takes longer to become usable, insulating margins even as broader module capacity surges. Risk: If CPO architecture adoption slows or a major customer reduces orders, Lumentum's premium mix could compress.
Gaetano Substack author, Gaetano
AAOI is aggressively expanding 800G/1.6T module capacity by ~10x by end of 2027. The author identifies standardized module assembly as the layer most likely to normalize first, with potential for ASP
AAOI is aggressively expanding 800G/1.6T module capacity by ~10x by end of 2027. The author identifies standardized module assembly as the layer most likely to normalize first, with potential for ASP erosion and margin compression as multiple suppliers (Source Photonics, Innolight, Eoptolink, Accelink) chase the same hyperscaler sockets. Risk: AAOI's internal laser and ELSFP expansion could provide differentiation, but the bear case of crowded 800G/1.6T modules is a direct headwind.
Gaetano Substack author, Gaetano
AXT dominates global InP substrates (~80% share with Sumitomo). Chinese substrate expansions by Yunnan Germanium and Guangdong Xiandao face long qualification cycles and export restrictions, so AXT's
AXT dominates global InP substrates (~80% share with Sumitomo). Chinese substrate expansions by Yunnan Germanium and Guangdong Xiandao face long qualification cycles and export restrictions, so AXT's capacity roadmap is more 'qualified' than headline capacity numbers suggest. Record backlog >$100M and pricing power (250% price increase on 6-inch wafers) support sustained revenue and margin growth. Risk: Export permit delays for shipments outside China remain the primary near-term gate; political changes could alter the advantage.
Gaetano Substack author, Gaetano
Credo is cited as an example where the market priced in a terminal-value narrative (copper is dead) that was premature; the stock dropped ~60% then reversed as optics and copper both proved durable. C
Credo is cited as an example where the market priced in a terminal-value narrative (copper is dead) that was premature; the stock dropped ~60% then reversed as optics and copper both proved durable. Credo's optical portfolio (DSPs, silicon photonics PICs, ZeroFlap) is expected to contribute >$600M annually, and its position at the copper-optics seam makes it a bellwether for accelerating demand. Risk: If hyperscaler capex slows or linear optics adoption disappoints, Credo's growth could decelerate faster than consensus.
Gaetano Substack author, Gaetano
Ciena's system-level backlogs ($7.7B) and 40% revenue growth confirm demand acceleration in coherent DCI and scale-across networks. Its constraint is upstream component supply, not demand – as compone
Ciena's system-level backlogs ($7.7B) and 40% revenue growth confirm demand acceleration in coherent DCI and scale-across networks. Its constraint is upstream component supply, not demand – as components loosen, Ciena can convert backlog to revenue. System-level businesses earn value from integration and software, making them less vulnerable to module commoditization. Risk: If component shortages persist longer than expected, Ciena's revenue conversion could be delayed, and any telecom weakness could offset data-center strength.
Gaetano Substack author, Gaetano
Veeco has received >$250M in orders for InP laser manufacturing tools, benefiting directly from the capacity build across the optical chain. Tool orders are the earliest signal of future downstream su
Veeco has received >$250M in orders for InP laser manufacturing tools, benefiting directly from the capacity build across the optical chain. Tool orders are the earliest signal of future downstream supply, but Veeco's revenue recognition and margins improve as it ships tools regardless of whether downstream oversupply materializes. Risk: If the capacity build peaks or shifts to other tool vendors, Veeco's order momentum could slow; also, tool orders are lumpy.
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