For regions with excess solar generation such as Honam and Jeju, the most technically feasible solutions are to connect renewable generation to high-demand areas through transmission or to install ESS to store midday surplus for evening use; these infrastructure needs will grow as renewable penetration rises.
Electric vehicles can act as distributed batteries through vehicle-to-grid: they charge when solar power is abundant, discharge to the grid in the evening, allow drivers to reduce or eliminate charging costs, and support faster EV adoption; overseas energy providers are already bundling V2G with tariffs and chargers.