Makary defends the FDA's "refusal to file" decision on Moderna's flu vaccine, stating the trial used "substandard of care" (no flu shot) for the control group of seniors, rather than the existing effective flu shot. This indicates the FDA will hold mRNA platforms to rigorous traditional standards rather than granting the emergency leeway seen during COVID. It signals delays and higher hurdles for Moderna's non-COVID pipeline. AVOID until regulatory pathway clarifies. Moderna could rapidly redesign trials or produce overwhelming data that satisfies the FDA.