Study shows tariffs have been paid for by the U.S., says Bielefeld University's Julian Hinz

A study by the Kiel Institute for World Economy finds that Americans are paying for tariffs.
The study analyzed millions of US import transactions.
Import prices have not changed significantly, meaning the cost of tariffs is being absorbed by US importers or passed on to consumers.
80% of the tariff impact is on US importers, leading to lower profit margins.
20% of the tariff impact is on US consumers, leading to higher prices.
This differs from the argument that foreign exporters would absorb the costs.
Countries like India and Brazil are paying the highest tariffs, with about 50% of the tariff impact.
China is also heavily impacted by US tariffs.
Trade volume has dropped by 24%, and there's less variety for US consumers.
Foreign exporters are losing sales due to these tariffs.